Questions On Financial Accounting Standards - 1356 Words

According to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 230 (ASC 230), cash flows are classified in the Statement of Cash Flows (SCF) as cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities. ASC 230 replaced FASB Statement No 95 (SFAS-95). This paper will discuss certain problems in SFAS-95 that continue to exist. Certain related cash flows are classified differently because of inconsistencies and ambiguities in classification. Further, the indirect method is widely executed while the direct method discloses more cash flow information. This paper alerts users to make more informed assessments of cash flow information with regards to the subtotals from operating, investing, and financing activities. This paper also suggests the FASB require the direct method for reporting purposes to improve investors’ and creditors’ judgment accuracy. At the same time, this paper provides users ratios to assess the quality of income to make more informed decisions. ASC 230 requires that companies provide the SCF for each operational period. The SCF provides information about cash and cash equivalents, and classifies cash receipts and cash payments as resulting from operating, investing, or financing activities (Nurnberg 1993). The measurement of the SCF is considered as being more reliable and more objective than the measurement of the income statement because the latter involves more judgment about accruals, allocations, andShow MoreRelated3101AFE Seminar Questions from Seminars 1 6 Sem 1 20151558 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿3101AFE Accounting Theory and Practice Seminar Questions for Seminars 1- 6: Semester 1 2015 SEMINAR 1 - Semester 1 2015 Deegan Topic 1: Introduction to financial accounting theory QUESTION 1 – Question 1.2: If you developed a theory to explain how a person’s cultural background influences how they prepare financial statements, would you have developed a positive theory or a normative theory? QUESTION 2 - Question 1.3: What is a conceptual framework, and would it be considered to be a positiveRead MoreCurrent Financial Reporting Standards On The Workplace Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent Financial Reporting Issues It is incontestable that international financial reporting standards (IFRS) are in vogue and global conformity theoretically on the doorstep as about 100 countries implement standard financial regulations. The idea that uniform reporting standards have the same effect on financial reporting undervalues the contested ability to be flexible in financial reporting and introduces another level of debate on the issue of flexibility and uniformity. Apart from the factRead MoreAcc 11410 Words   |  6 PagesTravis BUS3061 Professor Jerry Thomas July 17, 2014 1. Question 1: Proficient-level: There are several important functions performed in an organization, among which accounting is one of them. Define the accounting function and discuss how it differs from double-entry bookkeeping. Accountants analyze and interpret financial information, prepare financial statements, conduct audits, design accounting systems, prepare special business and financial studies, prepare forecasts and budgets, and provideRead More7101AFE Financial Accounting Theory And Practice Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿7101AFE Financial Accounting Theory and Practice Tutorial Questions for Tutorials 1- 6: Semester 1 2015 TUTORIAL 1 - Semester 1 2015 Deegan Topic 1: Introduction to financial accounting theory QUESTION 1 – Question 1.2: If you developed a theory to explain how a person’s cultural background influences how they prepare financial statements, would you have developed a positive theory or a normative theory? The first of all, it is important to understand the mean by a ‘theory’. According to ContemporaryRead MoreThe International Accounting Standards Board951 Words   |  4 Pagescom/en/resources/ifrsf/due-process/background-to-ifrs)†The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is an independent non-profit organization that develops and approves International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs)†. In mainly usage, the term International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) has both a narrow and a broad meaning. Firstly, IFRSs refers to the new numbered series of pronouncements that the IASB is issuing, as distinct from the International Accounting Standards (IASs) series issued by its predecessorRead MoreInternational Financial Reporting Standards On The Workplace Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesIt is incontestable that international financial reporting standards (IFRS) are in vogue and global conformity theoretically on the doorstep as about 100 c ountries implement standard financial regulations. The idea that uniform reporting standards have the same effect on financial reporting undervalues the contested ability to be flexible in financial reporting and introduces another level of debate on the issue of flexibility and uniformity. Apart from the fact that the merits of flexibility areRead MoreAccounting1024 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1:   * Proficient-level:   * There are several important functions performed in an organization, among which accounting is one of them. Define the accounting function and discuss how it differs from double-entry bookkeeping. Answer: According to the Dictionary of Accounting Terms, Accounting is defined as a one step process of recording, measuring, interpreting and communicating financial data by preparing financial statements in order to reflect financial condition and operatingRead MoreInternational Accountancy Quiz Question from Test Bank819 Words   |  4 Pages* Question 1 2.5 out of 2.5 points | |    | The following inventory information above was taken from the records of BlobeKom Ltd.:Historical Cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $12,000Replacement Cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $ 9,000Expected selling price  Ã‚   $10,000Expected selling cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $  Ã‚  Ã‚   500Normal profit margin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10% of selling priceUnder U.S. GAPP, what should the Balance Sheet report for Inventory?Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: |   Ã‚  $9,000 | | | | | * Question 2 2.5 out of 2.5 points | |   Read MoreGeneral Purpose Governments vs. Special Purpose Governments1713 Words   |  7 PagesGovernmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is the body authorized to establish accounting principles for all state and local governments, both general purpose and special purpose. True False A characteristic common to governmental and not-for-profit organizations is operating purposes that are other than to provide goods or services at a profit or profit equivalent. True False The needs of users of governmental financial reports are the same as those of users of business financial reports. TrueRead MoreQuestion 1:.Organizations Give The Accounting Firmsimportanttasks835 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1: Organizations give the accounting firms important tasks that they cannot do it by themselves. The services provided by public accounting firms will vary by the size and the expertise of the firm. Accounting firms typically specialize in areas such as auditing, business advisory services, tax accounting, bookkeeping and forensic accounting. The type of accounting firm you hire depends on the nature of your business needs. Like audit firms, These firms provide audits for organizations

Gothic Architecture Romanesque Architecture - 1049 Words

Gothic style architecture originated in 12th-century France. The style was very different to architecture styles in early periods, with this style we see characteristics such as ribbed vaults, pointed arches, flying buttresses, etc. Buildings made in Gothic style were usually made of stone with large glass windows. Some examples of Gothic style buildings we ve studied in class include the Basilica of St Denis, Chartres Cathedral and Reims Cathedral. Although Gothic style architecture ended in the 16th century, it remains as one of the most familiar styles of architecture comparatively to other abbey s, churches and cathedrals in Europe. The main goals of Gothic architects were to make beautiful, decorative buildings that were also functional. For example, the flying buttress was created to spread to weight of a building effectively. Flying buttresses were used basically used as a support beam, practical, but also beautiful and decorative. Gothic style buildings were also meant to be tall and large, to be closer to God. In comparing the two works about Gothic architecture by Suger Abbot and Bernard or Clairvaux, we can see that there are more differences than there are similarities. Looking back at Gothic characteristics, Abbot agreed more loosely with the beautiful and decorative side of Gothic architecture, while Bernarf agreed more loosely with the functional side of Gothic architecture. Suger Abbot s work is vastly different compared to Bernard of Clairvaux.Show MoreRelated Romanesque and Gothic Architecture Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesRomanesque and Gothic Architecture The 11th to 15th centuries saw a great surge of the Christian Church within Europe which was emphasized by the persuasiveness of the Crusades. The growing population of the Church increased the demand for the increased presence in architectural monuments and during the Romanesque and Gothic periods, a great cathedral construction boom occurred across Europe. The Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles were distinctive in not only the massiveness of the RomanesqueRead MoreRomanesque Architecture versus Gothic Architecture Essay714 Words   |  3 Pagestransition from Romanesque architecture to Gothic architecture can be attributed to a simple reason and that is wealth. Throughout Europe near the end of the Romanesque era there was large growth in towns and in turn a large growth in trade. Places such as Germany had rapid growth in their populace and economy and this encouraged trading with other towns. When it came to relations with other towns there was also a sense of competiti on and they showed this by building huge Gothic building that onlyRead More The Contrast between Gothic Architecture and Romanesque Architecture1934 Words   |  8 PagesThe Romanesque and Gothic architecture period both occurred during the Middle Ages with the Gothic period taking place during the later half. Gothic and Romanesque architecture were related in many ways, but they also contrasted in style too. Over time, masons began to test the waters and push the limits. They thought of new ways to add lighting and ways to allow more height to the building without it being to heavy and weak. Many of the reasons for the change in styles had a lot to do with societyRead More Gothic vs. Romanesque Architecture Essay2191 Words   |  9 PagesGothic vs. Romanesque Architecture Missing Figures Where are you when you wake up? Where are you when you are learning? Where are you when you go to pray? Where are you when you go to work? Where are you when you are having fun? The answer is that you are in a building or structure of some kind and style. All of the buildings and structures that one sees around them is designed and built with much thought and care. They are all designed and built by what we call architecture. According toRead MoreRomanesque And Gothic Architecture As 90821 - Mckenzie Henare1352 Words   |  6 Pages Romanesque and Gothic Architecture AS 90821 - McKenzie Henare Catholicism expresses its faith and relationship with God through many techniques whether it be art, teachings, scriptures or architecture. Extravagant cathedrals built show our relationship and faith in God. But when theories and ideas about why the styles are what they are. There was a time where the original Romanesque architecture became outdated and Gothic architecture was the new style that showed our faith and relationship withRead More Gothic and Romanesque Cathedrals Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesGothic and Romanesque Cathedrals The Romanesque style transformed into the Gothic style during the Middle Ages. This happened for many reasons. The Romanesque period was a time of trial and error while the Gothic period was a time of advancements in inventions. Religion was an important factor in the shift between Romanesque and Gothic. The locations of the two types of cathedrals also contributed toward the change between Romanesque and Gothic, as well as the power of the relics and the communityRead MoreGothic and Romanesque Cathedrals Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesThe Romanesque style transformed into the Gothic style during the Middle Ages. This happened for many reasons. The Romanesque period was a time of trial and error while the Gothic period was a time of advancements in inventions. Religion was an important factor in the shift between Romanesque and Gothic. The locations of the two types of cathedrals also contributed toward the change between Romanesque and Gothic, as well as the power of the relics an d the community to raise funds for the Gothic cathedralsRead MoreSacred Medieval Architecture789 Words   |  4 Pagesemphasizing the importance of the Eastern Church in everyday life. The Byzantine architecture maintains a sense of well-balanced proportions and favors a more simple approach to the building’s exterior. The Byzantines established an architectural style, different from the Romans generally by plans that were well thought out and intricate (Western Architecture p.138-139). One of the most important works of Byzantine architecture is the Hagia Sophia. The Hagia Sophia, which took less than six years to buildRead MoreThe Beginning Of Gothic Art943 Words   |  4 PagesThe beginning of Gothic art started around the year 1140. At this time Gothic art was not a particular art form that was practiced in Europe. The Ile-de-France which means, Paris and vicinity, was the only place that art and architecture shoes Gothic characteristics. However, once people from other places started to notice the beauty that this particular art form presented, it quickly spread around the rest of Europe. The art and architecture that is attributed with the Gothic style is actuallyRead MoreEssay on Medieval Art1111 Words   |  5 Pages800 A.D. and was important in metal work. Carolingian art ranged from 750 to 987 A.D. overlapping 50 years of the Celto-Germanic period. The period of Romanesque art spanned mainly the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and was an important period for medieval architecture. Gothic art, the final period of the Middle Age art began in the Romanesque period around the twelfth century and went on until the sixteenth century. Artwork form these four periods all consist of distinct styles setting them

Describe the employment of women in Britain in 1914 at the outbreak of war Free Essays

As war broke out in 1914 about 1/3 of women were in some type of paid employment. The majority of this was domestic service or secretarial work and most people accepted, there was no place for women in manual labour e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe the employment of women in Britain in 1914 at the outbreak of war or any similar topic only for you Order Now dock-labouring, mining or road -digging. A woman’s role was very much as the homemaker. They were regarded as the weaker sex and the sex that had fewer rights than men. Decent women were expected to stay at home and rear the children of the family. They had to obey their husbands. Britain’s leisure class was kept in comfort by an army of domestic servants. A large landowner with a wife, two children and a 62-roomed house n the West End required an indoor staff of 36. Some of the servants accompanied the family to its other homes – the country house, the seaside villa, the ‘shooting box’ in Scotland – each of which also had its own separate staff, containing many women. The working day could be a gruelling 17 hours long. The most important female servant of the household was the housekeeper, known by the title of ‘Mrs’, she commanded a platoon of female domestics like lady’s maid, housemaids, kitchen maids and the scullion who washed the dishes. Upper class women were not expected to work. They therefore were involved in charity work and voluntary work also they were heavily involved with the suffragettes. Many working class women worked all day at jobs in their own homes, however some working class women worked in factories, to supplement the men’s income, which often wasn’t enough. Workrooms were often crowded, dirty, ill lit, ill ventilated and insufficiently heated. The hours permissible under the Factory Acts in 1901 were long. Women and girls over 14 years could be employed 12 hours a day and on Saturday 8 hours. In addition, in certain industries, and dressmaking was one, an additional 2 hours could be worked by women on 30 nights in any 12 months. At the outbreak of war women earned about 65 per cent of the male wage. The employment of little errand girls, usually only 14 years of age was common. Their work was very varied – running errands, matching materials, and taking out parcels, cleaning the workrooms, and often also helping in the work of the house. To be running around doing ‘odd jobs’ for the employees of a busy workshop was hard work and tiring. It was not surprising that the young women in those workshops often looked weary and overdone; but there were plenty of girls to take their place, so they would not give in. Many others were employed to work on the surface of coal mines or on fish docks at hard, tiring, physical labour. A sexist outlook upon women in the workplace operated throughout this period. It resulted in skill definitions and pay differentials. Women’s work was usually considered unskilled, where as a man doing the same job would be considered skilled. For example welding was perceived as a skilled job when men did it but when women became welders during the First World War it was seen as unskilled, with women being paid half the male rate. Middle class women attempted to get into professions as doctors, lawyers, accountants and bankers but found it incredibly difficult. The opinion of men was that they were not intelligent enough and too weak emotionally therefore unable to cope with the work. They did find employment easier to find as teachers, as this was dealing with children and they were able to find employment in the white-collar industries as clerks, telephonists and secretaries. However female clerks would earn less than one third of the male wage, and a female typist would earn i1 a week compared to i3 a week earned by a man. Women from the upper and middle classes came to have more opportunities in the late nineteenth century. This was particularly so in education. Higher education was open to women, although they were restricted in taking degrees in either Oxford or Cambridge. Most women lacked such opportunities. Women mainly moved into the low-skill, low-pay ‘sweat shop’ sector as they were denied access to the new technologies. Female factory workers were generally worse treated than men in pay, training and opportunities, and the trade unions mainly male organisations co-operated with the management or the definition of skills, which affected pay, were controlled by men and favoured them; skilled women were poorly recognised. Women were also paid piece rates and found their wage lowered if they earned too much. One factory inspector remarked that ‘What can one do when a girl is earning as much as 15 shillings a week but lower the piece rate? ‘ In a survey just before the war the social commentator and reformer, S. Rowntree, had argued that i1 a week was necessary in order to live above poverty but few women received this amount. In J. M Barrie’s comedy What Ever Woman Knows (1908), John Shand, the railwayman turned MP, owes his success as a debater to his wife Maggie, who has transformed his boring speeches when she typed them up. Women had achieved some degree of marital equality and been given some educational opportunities by 1914. They had also begun to make some inroads into traditional male occupations and they had focused political action on winning the vote. How to cite Describe the employment of women in Britain in 1914 at the outbreak of war, Papers

Diversity and Cultural Sensitivity in Mental Health

Question: Discuss about the Diversity and Cultural Sensitivity in Mental Health. Answer: Introduction: Prevalence of mental disorders among asylum seekers and refugees in Australia has always drawn the attention of policymakers to improve their well-being and reduce the burden of health-related costs. In the year 2014, there were around 3500 people in immigration detention facilities and 3000 people in the community detention in Australia. The number of people going to asylum in 2012 was around 15000. More than 85% of the detainees were reported to have depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety. They also exhibited self-harm and suicidal ideation. Suicide rates were up to ten times more in detention centres as compared to Australian community (Horyniak et al., 2016). Symptoms of psychological illness are more common in refugees and asylum seekers. However, they do not necessarily indicate any form of mental illness. Negative attention from the mass media has attempted to bring into focus the mental status of this section of the population. Asylum and refugees living in Australia are vulnerable to suicidal behaviours and self-harm. However, they are not getting the care they need. Reports have found that the rate of anxiety, post-traumatic disorder and depression are as much as four times more among Tamil asylum seekers in Australia than among other immigrants. Moreover, young individuals have more risk of suffering from depression from a broader observatory viewpoint. There is a lack of clear picture of the actual mental health condition of the refugee community in Australia. Whether mental health research gives the needed emphasis on linguistic and cultural diversity in the country is a topic of debate (Higgins, 2016). Refugees and asylum seekers are at high risk of suffering mental health problems as they undergo displacement. Moreover, they are from different cultural backgrounds and undergo different experiences, leading to altered mental status. There is a rich pool of evidence that loss and trauma have a profound ongoing impact on the people migrating to Australia from other parts of the country (Newman et al., 2013). The common mental health problems are chronic grief, depression and stress. The most serious problems may compel them to engage in behaviours like panic attacks, self-harm, agoraphobia, disruptive behaviour, sleeping disorders, alcohol abuse, eating disorders, and sleeping disorders. Stressors leading to such mental health conditions include loss of near ones, racism, poverty and marginalisation. Refugees and asylum seekers face hurdles in accessing adequate health care services for mental illness and psychological trauma (Li et al., 2016). The prevalence of common mental health problems among immigrants is initially is less in comparison to the general population. However, with time, the prevalence increases to become similar to that of the general population. Refugees experiencing severe exposure to any form of violence have more chances of suffering trauma-related disorders. These disorders include chronic pain, post-traumatic stress disorder and other somatic syndrome (Mayne et al., 2016). Assessment for identifying risks for mental health problems encompass consideration of stresses of migration, pre-migration exposures, uncertainty faced at the time of migration, post migration settlement experiences related to health outcomes and adaptation. The effectiveness of clinical assessment and interventions can be increased by employing trained interpreters who can break cultural and language barrier and lead to mutual understanding. Communication build up would be stronger in this process (Ellis et al., 2014). My personal belief is that there is an urgent need of employing health professionals who are adequately trained and have the knowledge to understand the actual mental health problems of the refugees and asylum seekers against the cultural and social backdrops instead of assuming and imposing diagnoses of illness. This is understood through the high prevalence of mental disorders in all refugee populations. I think this is due to the over-diagnosis of mental disorders instead of normal reactions individuals tend to give to stress and the unsuitable environment. Social factors form to be the most important factor in the determination of mental health. There is an urgent need of addressing these factors, and I would like to see the government take up more initiatives to address these concerns. Governments must also consider that a number of individual factors affect the mental health of the refugees in combination. So the associated factors must not be left out from the strategic plan t o combat this vital issue. References Ellis, B. H., Murray, K., Barrett, C. (2014). Understanding the mental health of refugees: trauma, stress, and the cultural context. InThe Massachusetts General Hospital textbook on diversity and cultural sensitivity in mental health(pp. 165-187). Springer New York. Higgins, C. (2016). Australian Community Attitudes to Asylum Seekers and Refugees.Hum. Rts. Defender,25, 25. Horyniak, D., Melo, J., Farrell, R., Ojeda, V. D., Strathdee, S. A. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors for substance use among refugees, internally displaced people and asylum seekers: findings from a global systematic review.Annals of Global Health,82(3), 423-424. Li, S. S., Liddell, B. J., Nickerson, A. (2016). The relationship between post-migration stress and psychological disorders in refugees and asylum seekers.Current psychiatry reports,18(9), 82. Mayne, J., Lowrie, D., Wilson, J. (2016). Occupational Experiences of Refugees and Asylum Seekers Resettling in Australia: A Narrative Review.OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health,36(4), 204-215. Newman, L., Proctor, N., Dudley, M. (2013). Seeking asylum in Australia: immigration detention, human rights and mental health care.Australasian Psychiatry,21(4), 315-320.

Invasive Species

Abstract Some pests and weeds are considered by the Australian government to be of national significance. Most of these species were introduced from other countries and continents. Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the Alligator Weed (Alternanthera Philoxeroides) are some of the invasive species which threaten the ecology and several sectors of the Australian economy.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Invasive Species specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This document discusses why and how these species were introduced in Australia, factors which ensured their successful establishment in the country, as well as, their ecological and economic impacts. Finally, it examines the advantages and disadvantages of the control methods used to manage them. Introduction Numerous invasive species have been introduced in Australia over the years. These species are considered pests and have become a serious threat to biodiversity as well as agriculture in the country. Generally, pests have a direct effect on the environment/ecosystem as well as on human life wherever they exist. Their rate of reproduction is high making it difficult to control them. Most of them were introduced either deliberately or by accident, including some brought in to assist with the control of other nuisance species. Among the animal pests in Australia is red fox (Vulpes vulpes) also known as the European red fox was introduced in Australia in 1855 from Europe (Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water and Communities 2010). Since its introduction in Australia, it has spread across most parts of the country, although it is no longer found in the tropical north as well as some off-shore islands (Tasmanian Department of Primary industries, Parks, Water and Environment, 2010). Vulpes vulpes is classified as a serious invader to native animals as it kills them. On the other hand, one of the weed species which has invaded the ecological s ystem of Australia is the Alligator Weed (Alternanthera Philoxeroides). It was also introduced from Parana River region, South America (Everitt, Little Lonard, 2007, 55).Advertising Looking for report on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They have spread in Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Tasmania and South Australia. According to Bonila and Gunasekera (2001, 17) Alternanthera Philoxeroides is among the top 20 weeds posing serious threats and therefore causes significant concern in Australia. How and why the species were introduced in Australia According to Cuthbertson and Parsons (1992, 155) Alternanthera Philoxeroides was first introduced in Newcastle, New South Wales from South America and has since spread to all states in Australia. It has viable seed which aids its dispersal. As a result it spread from South America through pieces of mud which it used to attach itself to ships which sailed from South America. It was first introduced in this region during in 1946 when ship ballast was abandoned near New Castle (Cuthbertson and Parsons 1992, 155). According to the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (2011) Alternanthera Philoxeroides was introduced to Newcastle, New South Wales as a culinary herb. Red fox which has also greatly contributed to serious breakdown of Australian ecology was first introduced in the country from 1855 (Cowan Tyndale-Biscoe 1997, 31). They were first released in Melbourne, Victoria. They were deliberately introduced to the country for recreational hunting. European red fox was hunted by humans beginning 1865. Hunting had started back in 1839 in Australia as people sought after kangaroos, rabbits and dingoes. Factors which contributed to their successful establishment The weed has the ability to survive in terrestrial, Aquatic as well as semi-aquatic habitats in temperate, tropical plus in sub-tropical reg ions. All the regions in Australia where the weed has spread all have the characteristics of these climatic regions. The existence of rivers, wetlands and river tributaries provided the optimum condition for their survival. Red fox can survive in various habitats which include alpine, urban, as well as, arid areas (Pearson Pyres 1998, 87). It can also live in lightly wooded regions, and grasslands. Australia has wooded areas which are found in the country’s agricultural landscapes. This offers a wide range of food and shelter for the fox. The fox can also survive in a cleared farming land which has some livestock such as lambs which it can prey on.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Invasive Species specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, the fox can eat almost anything including small animals, insects and fruit (Larivià ¨re Pasitschniak-Arts 1996, 6). In each environment, red fox is at the apex of the food chain. This enables it to survive even when its preferred prey, small animals, is less available during the summer seasons. Australia has all types climates which the fox can survive in, and due to this, red fox has established itself firmly across the country. On the contrary, native animals of Australia have not yet evolved to protect themselves against the fox because of the circumstances in which red fox was introduced. The fox was introduced so suddenly that the native animals were killed to feed the young foxes. This helped sustain the population of the red fox, which has since become the head of the food chain. Ecological effects Red foxes have had several long-term effects on the Australian environment. One major effect is the decline of biodiversity. Predation by red fox has contributed significantly to the decline of native species in the country and still continues to undermine the efforts of the Australian community to conserve the threatened species which includes the night parrot, malleefowl, as well as, the bridled nail-tail wallaby. The fox has greatly contributed to the reduction in populations of ground-nesting birds, reptiles like the green turtle, as well as, small-to-medium sized mammals like the greater bilby. The fox often loots loggerhead turtle nets. Furthermore, it eats eggs in nests found on the beach. Loggerhead turtles are protected at Mon Repos Conservation Park in Queensland since they are endangered. If these foxes are allowed to continue to breeding, as well as remain among the wild animals for much longer period, the fragile ecology of Australia will be destroyed. This means that it will be difficult to recover this unique environment. In addition, they are carriers of rabies. The spread of rabies could destroy the fragile Australian ecosystem. The disease affects both human beings and animals. Thus eradicating it would be very difficult.Advertising Looking for report on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Red foxes normally eat berries in summer seasons when their favourable food resources are not available. In addition, the fox competes alongside native predators which include eagles. In the past, the fox has competed against Tasmania Devils which were once abundant across the mainland; however, it is now found in Tasmania only. Others included Tasmania Tiger, Thylacine, and Tasmania Wolf which are now extinct in the country. Even though the red fox endangers the existence of many native animals, it is itself endangered by some animals. These animals include the Western Quoll, Red-Tailed Phascogale, Numbat, as well as, Brush-Tailed Bettong which are majorly found in South-Western Australia. These animals are poisonous to the red fox since they eat Gastrolobium, as well as, Oxylobium plants, which are poisonous to animals especially the red fox (Cowan Tyndale-Biscoe 1997, 31). These plant species have flouroacetate which is the chemical used to make the poison baits used in 1080 (Co wan Tyndale-Biscoe 1997, 31). On the contrary, these animals considered to be dangerous to the fox have developed immunity to the chemical, and therefore they store the poison in their flesh. When the red fox eats the animal, it dies. Alligator weed disrupts the aquatic environment by covering the surface and therefore hindering penetration of light into the water or soil (Groves, Richardson Shepard 1995, 07). This adversely distresses aquatic fauna as well as flora. Economic impacts Economic Impacts Alligator weed has impacts on several sectors of the economy. The plant has increased the would-be costs to irrigation farming (Groves, Richardson Shepard 1995, 10). It is expected that should the alligator weed not be controlled, then, the Barren Box Swamp infestation will cost about $250 million annually (Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water and Communities 2010). It is also threatening the sustainability of the turf industry in the Sydney Basin. The vegetable industry in the Hawkesbury-Nepan region is also threatened; the industry is estimated to be worth $150 million a year (Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water and Communities 2010). Other than the vegetable industry, there is the extraction industry in the same region, which also under threat. Should these resources be contaminated with the alligator weed, then the resources will have to be restricted. Moreover, it also threatens soy bean as well as sugar cane industries in the Richmond region (Groves, Richardson Shepard 1995, 11). Alligator weed also interferes with livestock farming. The plant contaminates grazing pastures and causes cancerous lesions in cattle. At some point, they become so dense that they deny livestock access to drinking water. This also implies that it limits access to, as well as, use of water. It can also block and damage pumps. In Warragamba Dam in Sydney, the weed causes sedimentation and therefore its major water supply, as well as, storage system (Depar tment of Sustainability, Environment, Water and Communities 2010). It obstructs stream flow of water and as a result leads to sedimentation. This contributes to flooding of the region, and structural damage to infrastructure. Red foxes have significant impacts on the Australian economy. It threatens the existence of native species as well as ecological communities. This impacts on the national heritage as it reduces species population (wildlife resources) in the country. The night parrot, malleefowl, as well as, the bridled nail-tail wallaby are some of the species which have been identified as threatened by red fox (Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water and Communities 2010). Red fox also causes losses to farmers especially those who keep livestock. The fox preys on the kid goats, poultry, as well as, newborn lambs. Moreover, they can also pass rabies on to livestock as well as native mammals. This costs the Australia economy millions of dollars per year since they kill livestock as well as by being a pest to farmers. Advantages of the methods used to control red fox Among the methods the government and the Australian community has employed is the prevention of the spread of red foxes to new regions which includes islands. Protection of the islands has been major priority in controlling red fox population. Islands have often been used as refugee habitats for species which are not available on the mainland any more. This has been effective in eradicating red fox from high-conservation-value islands. Adoption of poison baits on fences has also been successful in reducing the population of red foxes. This has been applied in south-west Western Australia and Eastern Australia. It has enabled native mammals to start to recover, and as a result, return to their former habitats. This method has also reduced the pressure on native species threatened by the red fox. It helps promote the maintenance, as well as, recovery of native animals together with the e cological communities which have been affected by red fox predation. Demerits of the methods used to control red fox Although the Australian community has adopted payment of bounties to encourage people to remove red foxes from among the wild animals, reduction of damages from the fox has not been effective (Tasmanian Department of Primary industries, Parks, Water and Environment, 2010). Again, hunting has not been able to achieve significant or long-term impact red fox population as well as the damage they cause. The application of poison baits in controlling red fox could have effects on other animals which are the target for elimination. Poison baits may also have similar effects on other animals, and therefore lead to their decline in areas where they are used. Besides, poison baits are very expensive and requires much resources to maintain them indefinitely. In south-west Western Australia, a large scale 1080-poison baits is used to control red fox. Advantages of the methods us ed to control alligator weed There are several methods which have been applied in Australia to control alligator weed. These control methods include physical, chemical and biological controls, and through legislation. Physical control method which involves the manual digging and burying of the alligator weed after having applied herbicides which kills any above-underground plant growth. This ensures immediate eradication of the alligator plant (NSW Department of Primary Industries 2008). It has successfully reduced floating mats which grow in Georges River as well as parts of Hawkesbury-Nepean region. Disadvantages of the methods used to control alligator weed One of the methods which have been applied in managing alligator weed is the adoption of alternative vegetable as part of the eradication program. The most notable alternative vegetable that has been adopted is the lesser joy weed which is scientifically known as Alternanthera denticulata (Bonila and Gunasekera 2001, 19). Howe ver, this does not help eliminate alligator weed as most of it grows wildly. Wetlands and river habitat where the weed grows is not affected by this program. Chemical control method applied in Australia is not effective as it takes long to eradicate the weed. Alligator weed can tolerate most herbicides. This means that application of these herbicides may only suppress the weed. Consequently, this method may take as a long as 6 years to completely eradicate the weed since in some cases, the herbicides are applied annually. Again, since the alligator weed is tolerant to most of these herbicides (NSW Department of Primary Industries 2008), it implies that large quantities are used in process. This can be dangerous to other plant species and could lead to their death. This means that chemical control method may lead to further loss of biodiversity. Application of chemicals could also lead to the death of soil micro-organisms which play key role in breaking and enriching the soil. Physic al control on the other hand, cannot be adopted in large and extensive alligator coverage areas. It is difficult to carry out deep manual digging for burying the weed that covers a wide area. Besides, applying herbicides to prevent above-underground plant growth could affect many plant and animal species which were not intended. Conclusion Red fox and alligator weed are among the invasive species which are of great significance to Australia. Both of them cause great damage to the environment, which in turn affects the country’s economy. If they are not carefully controlled, then they may cause reduction of population of various species and even lead to their extinction. Thus, it is important to devise better and more environmentally friendly ways of managing them and their impacts. This means that more research has to be done to enable the Australian community understand their impacts and develop more advanced ways of controlling their population and impacts on the ecology, o ther species and human life. It is also important to understand that these species also play vital roles in the ecosystem, and therefore the control measures adopted should not aim at eliminating them, but also protecting them. Finally, the local community should be involved in controlling these pests and weeds in order to achieve sustainable environmental management. Reference List Bonila, J., Gunasekera, L., 2001, Alligator weed: Tasty vegetable in Australian backyard. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 39: 17-20. Burgman, M., Lindenmayer, D., 1998, Conservation biology for the Australian Environment. Sydney: Surrey Beatty Sons. p. 83. Cowan, P. E., Tyndale-Biscoe, C. H., 1997, Reproduction, fertility development: Australia and New Zealand mammal species considered to be pests or problems. CSIRO, 9: 27-35. Cuthbertson, E., Parsons W., 1992, Noxious weeds of Australia. Plant Protection Quartely, 3: 154–157. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water and Communi ties, 2010, European red fox (vulpes vulpes). Canberra ACT: Commonwealth of Australia. Everitt, J. H., Little, C. R., Lonard, R. L., 2007, Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. pp. 55. Groves, R., Richardson, R., Shepard, R. 1995, Biology of Australian weeds, Vol. 1. Taipei City: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 1–12. Larivià ¨re, S., Pasitschniak-Arts, M., 1996, Vulpes vulpes. Mamallian Species, 537: pp. 1-11. National Land Water Resources Audit, 2008, Assessing invasive animals in Australia 2008, NLWRA, Canberra./SEWPaC (2010). Web. NSW Department of Primary Industries, 2008, Alligator weed control manual: Eradication and suppression of alligator weed in Australia. Orange: NSW Department of Primary Industries. Pearson, J., Pyres, G., 1998, Ecosystem of Australia: Deserts. Port Melbourne: Heinemann Library. p. 87. Tasmanian Department of Primary industries, Parks, Water and Environment, 2010, Locations of fox activity inTasmania . Web. This report on Invasive Species was written and submitted by user Kamille Riley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

IL Carnevale Italiano essays

IL Carnevale Italiano essays Il Carnevale Italiano is one of the most celebrated festivals in Italy, let alone Europe and the rest of the world. In modern days tens of thousands of tourists flock to Italian cities to join the festivities, wearing masks of different shapes and types, and rejoicing in the culture and style that all began years ago in the 11th century of the middle ages. In Venice, where it traditionally originated, the carnival was one of the popular feasts that the whole city loved most, and it was renowned abroad too. It can be dated back to 1094 in the city of Vitale Falier (back then it was called Doge) in the era when Venice had just become a big and feared power. As the years passed other regions and cities took Venices lead and organized their own festivals; now many regions hold annual carnivals, some of the better known ones being set in Napoli, Verona, Bologna, Salerno, Trieste, Arezzo as well as other cities. It was not until the 18th century though that Venice was fully acknowledged as the city of the carnival, and the festival became internationally known. Gentlemen from all over Europe came to enjoy themselves among the streets and squares, in the casinos and in the theatres. Not only commoners attended, but also kings and princes from other close by countries including France, Austria, and Spain. After the fall of the Republic the city progressively lost its vitality, and also consequently the tradition of the carnival was abandoned at the same time. The revival of the tradition first restarted around 20 years ago with public and private festivities and theatre performances, involving Venetians as well as foreigners. Already the Venetian Carnival is again the biggest Italian carnival as well as one of the most famous and popular in the world. The festivals normally take place all over Italy in early February. The earliest that they would start would be mid - late January ...

Leadership within the human behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership within the human behavior - Essay Example Leadership is one of the most studied topics within the human behavior in organization realm. Regardless of career or profession, the need for leaders could not be denied since they play a crucial role in steering the people within the organization towards that achievement of identified goals. In one’s particular career that is currently being pursued, that of a physician assistant, the Physician Assistant Education Association (PAEA) is the national organization that governs accredited programs within the profession (Physician Assistant Education Association, 2012). As revealed U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, physician assistants (PAs), â€Å"practice medicine under the direction of physicians and surgeons. They are formally trained to examine patients, diagnose injuries and illnesses, and provide treatment† (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012). Due to the nature of responsibilities and accountabilities in patient care, leadership skills are essential to be assesse d and evaluated within this profession. The leadership essay hereby aims to present the results of the Student Leadership Practices Inventory test taken and to identify those leadership characteristics that were the strengths and weaknesses noted therein. The discourse would likewise determine how one would maintain the identified strengths and address the weaknesses. Since one is pursuing a career as a physician assistant, the essay would also proffer what the professional association says about leadership and to provide one’s contention.