Super Kikay and Her Flying Pagong Essay Example for Free

Super Kikay and Her Flying Pagong Essay The turtle is a mystical and enabled Kikay to spare mankind and the ocean animals. It is her obligation to shield the sea profound from the mammoth little Octopus and its lord supporter from getting the enchanted pearl that offers life to the sea profound. As a preparation, Super Kikay fly around their town and attempt to take care of the issues and challenges of others. A portion of the issues she explain was to help a stuck jeepney get off the mud. She likewise protected a young lady that nearly tumble from the ships haggle the illicit fishers from obliterating the sea by utilizing dynamites to get fish. After her preparation, Dong pagong educated her to get the mysterious pearl and carry it to their territory to keep the mammoth octopus from discovering it in the sea. Kikay changes into Super K and plunge into the sea to get the mystical pearl. She handily found the enchanted pearl yet she was additionally observed by the goliath octopus and followed her into the land. At the point when Super K saw that the monster octopus followed her, she promptly burrowed a gap to conceal the enchanted pearl however she neglected to cover it. Super K and the mammoth octopus battle one another. Super K nearly crushed the monster octopus however she was handily beaten in light of the fact that the mammoth octopus terminated a dark ink all over and briefly blinded her giving the octopus time to get away from w/the supernatural pearl. Super Ks sibling was additionally grabbed by the mammoth octopus while she was briefly blinded. The following morning, Dong pagong revealed to Kikay that she should get the supernatural pearl from the monster octopus to keep the fishes from kicking the bucket. Kikay changed into Super K again to locate the mammoth octopus and get the enchanted pearl and furthermore to safeguard her more youthful sibling. Horje (the researcher who made the goliath octopus) disposed of the monster octopus since he feels that the mammoth octopus might be a blockade on his arrangements (he intends to offer the mystical pearl to outsiders for 100,000 million pesos) Super K heard the firearm fired that was shot from Horjes weapon. She imagined that shot her more youthful sibling however later on discovered that Horje murdered the goliath octopus and not her more youthful sibling. In the wake of letting her more youthful sibling got away, she pursued Horje until she cornered him. They battled wildly until she have beaten Horje and get the mystical pearl. Super K backpedal on their town and restored the enchanted pearl into the sea. After the restoring the otherworldly pearl, the sea turned out to be spotless again and all the fishes were cheerful and expressing gratitude toward Super K for sparing them. Dong pagong didn't reclaim the force that she has given to Kikay in light of the fact that he realizes that Kikay will utilize her forces to support people.

Federal government of the United States Essay

 © 2010 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights saved. The Carnegie Endowment doesn't take institutional situations on open arrangement issues; the perspectives spoke to here are the author’s claim and don't really mirror the perspectives on the Endowment, its staff, or its trustees. No piece of this distribution might be recreated or transmitted in any structure or using any and all means without authorization recorded as a hard copy from the Carnegie Endowment. If it's not too much trouble direct requests to: About the Author Nathaniel Ahrens is a meeting researcher in the Carnegie Energy and Climate Program, where his examination centers around atmosphere, vitality, and economical advancement issues in China. He is the leader of Golden Road Ventures Ltd., a business advancement and vital warning firm that gives ability and backing to basic activities in China, including supportable turn of events, government acquisition, horticulture, and media. Already, Ahrens was senior item administrator and chief of universal deals for Intrinsic Technology, a Shanghai-based media communications programming supplier. He additionally established Shanghai Pack Ltd., an extravagance brand bundling organization situated in Shanghai and Paris. Ahrens is an individual from the National Committee on U.S.â€China Relations, the Asia Society, and fills in as a privileged envoy for the State of Maine. Indigenous innovation1 has become the best prompt wellspring of monetary erosion between the United States and China. This pattern isn't special to these two nations; arrangement producers all around are effectively attempting to animate household advancement. The prospering markets for biotech and environmentrelated items and administrations and, possibly much increasingly significant, countries’ endeavors to rise up out of the worldwide monetary stoppage all fortify this pattern. Aware of this worldwide scene, China has made indigenous development one of the center components of its endeavor to make an auxiliary move up the modern worth chain. As of late, be that as it may, indigenous advancement has been tarred with a protectionist brush. In both China and the United States, there have been expanding calls for purchase nearby specifications and the erection of levies and non-tax obstructions to exchange. In China, these measures fundamentally take the state of government â€Å"local content† orders and through the special treatment given to items authoritatively named â€Å"national indigenous advancement products† (NIIP) in the administration acquirement process. In the United States, they have appeared as purchase nearby arrangements and endeavors to close out outside organizations. The contention has been heightening hazardously. In the approach the ongoing Strategic and Economic Dialog, the U.S. business network positioned indigenous advancement in China as its main approach worry, above even the cash issue. As of this composition, the key purposes of conflict stay uncertain. However regardless of the uproarious cries of dissent against it, the worldwide pattern toward â€Å"homegrown† advancement is a sound, positive turn of events. Without development, nations can't ceaselessly raise wages and living standards.2 Government obtainment should assume a significant job in animating advancement, yet keeping up open markets and universal linkages is basic. Be that as it may, rather than following its present methodology of transient item replacement and picking champs by shielding them from rivalry, China should concentrate on demonstrated, showcase well disposed methods of animating development. Government procurement’s essential jobs ought to be advertise flagging, de-gambling R&D, crossing over the money hole, and invigorating interest. The United States would likewise profit by pulling together its administration acquirement strategies along the lines demonstrated in the key discoveries of this paper, particularly focusing on encouraging increasingly open markets and lifting the significance of economical acquisition. The accompanying arrangement of explicit suggestions for China will invigorate development through open markets and the successful utilization of government acquisition

Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics

Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics I do understand that human beings are not intuitively good at statistics. Daniel Kahneman won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2002 for showing, among other things, that people in general are terrible at statistical thinking. From Kahnemans Nobel biography: The standard example of a framing problem, which was developed quite early, is the lives saved, lives lost question, which offers a choice between two public-health programs proposed to deal with an epidemic that is threatening 600 lives: one program will save 200 lives, the other has a 1/3 chance of saving all 600 lives and a 2/3 chance of saving none. In this version, people prefer the program that will save 200 lives for sure. In the second version, one program will result in 400 deaths, the other has a 2/3 chance of 600 deaths and a 1/3 chance of no deaths. In this formulation most people prefer the gamble. If the same respondents are given the two problems on separate occasions, many give incompatible responses. When confronted with their inconsistency, people are quite embarrassed. They are also quite helpless to resolve the inconsistency. Still, just because other people are bad at statistics doesnt mean Ill accept that as an excuse from you as a prospective MIT applicant. Most MIT majors require or suggest a course in probability and/or statistics, so you might as well get a head start in statistical thinking now. First, a few facts on which to chew: 1. The overall admission rate for the class of 2009 was 14.3%. (From here.) 2. Applicants who interviewed (or had their interview waived) had a 19% admission rate; those who didnt interview had a 7% admission rate. (I dont have a citation for this, which is sketchy, so feel free not to believe me. But although I cant remember where I found the numbers, this is close enough to the truth for the purposes of this entry.) 3. Applicants with SAT scores in the 88th percentile (roughly a 1290 old SAT) have about a 5% admission rate, while those with perfect scores have about a 50% admission rate. (From here a very fun read, if youre into this kind of thing. I highly suggest it!) So does this mean that you can pour all of your personal data into some magic admissions algorithm and have it spit out a number which reflects your chances of getting into MIT? First of all, no. Moreover, it wouldnt matter if it could. For example, if the computer said that you had a 33% chance, that would mean that if you applied to MIT many times, you would expect to get in in approximately 1 in 3 tries. (And were not talking if you applied 3 times here. I think applying 500 times would probably give a good result, but I dont feel like playing around with Matlab to see if thats true.) Of course, you cant apply 500 times to MIT in a single year, or even in your lifetime, so its pointless to try and stick a number on your chances at MIT. I guess the moral of the story here is that no one is a shoo-in for MIT, but the opposite is also true nobody should think they have no hope. But its pointless to over-think this issue, because you just cant control for all the variables. For what its worth, my Super Getting into MIT Guide goes something like this: 1. Do something that you really care about, and make sure you write about it glowingly on your application. 2. Interview, and dont be lame and fake at said interview. 3. Get good scores on the SAT I and SAT IIs. 4. Take difficult classes at your high school (or even local community college) and get good grades in them. And, of course, you can get into MIT if you only have three of these four characteristics you can get in if you only have two you can get in if you only have one. But even if you have four, youre not a sure thing. My final statistics lesson has to do with something you may have heard that MIT supposedly has a stratospherically high suicide rate. This is a contention supported by the Boston Globe, a group of stellar journalists, Im sure, but not so good at the statistics thing. (I cant find the original Globe article, but the article here makes all the points the original article made.) The Globe basically looked at the MIT suicide rate between 1990 and 1999, compared it to suicide rates at other schools, and decided it was too high. (Lets just say theres a reason the Globe article wasnt published in a scientific journal. Sweeping conclusions backed up by questionable data like that make scientists including me want to bang their heads on hard surfaces.) Now lets look at some problems with the Globes grandiose conclusions: 1. People who successfully commit suicide are significantly more likely to be young and male. In the 1990s, the average MIT student was both those things; since then, the population has famously evened out. (Source here; relevant quote: In fact, MITs suicide rate is below the national average if one adjusts figures for the schools overwhelmingly male student body [during the years of the study].) 2. Moreover, science, engineering, and business students have significantly higher suicide rates than do liberal arts students. MIT undergraduates are almost exclusively science, engineering, and/or business majors. Given that both those things are true, one would expect MIT to have a high suicide rate based on those demographics alone. (Source here; relevant quote: Based on 10 undergraduate suicides over 11 years, the article concludes that suicide is a greater danger at MIT than elsewhere. When one factors in that science and business students have considerably higher suicide rates than liberal arts students, and that male college students kill themselves five times more often than female college students, the figures quoted prove nothing. MIT is cited as currently being composed of 59 percent male students; that fact alone would make the suicide rate differences with most other colleges understandable; but in the early 1990s an even higher percentage of the students at MIT were ma le.) 3. The Globe compared MIT to other schools with engineering programs, which is a terrible control. Other schools have engineering programs, yes, but few other schools have 50% of the undergraduate student body majoring in engineering. If you dont have appropriate controls (and its difficult to think of a school which would be a good control Caltech is science/engineering focused too, but only having one school as the control population would be pretty sketchy.) 4. Statistics like this are terribly vulnerable to small swings in absolute numbers. The absolute number of suicides is very small, and therefore it takes many of them spread over many years to accurately determine whether or not the rate in one place is higher or lower than the rate in another. (Source here; quote: Because of small number statistics, the true suicide rate i.e., that that would be measured by an very large MIT in the limit of an infinite number of students is, to 95% confidence, approximately 100,000*(11 +/- 2*sqrt(11)/48,000). At this level, MITs suicide rate is consistent with the national average it would take approximately another thirty three years in order to obtain a measurement of the MIT suicide rate that could be distinguished from the national average at 95% confidence.) So now you know. Go out, and tell my story to the masses. ;)

Questions On Financial Accounting Standards - 1356 Words

According to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 230 (ASC 230), cash flows are classified in the Statement of Cash Flows (SCF) as cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities. ASC 230 replaced FASB Statement No 95 (SFAS-95). This paper will discuss certain problems in SFAS-95 that continue to exist. Certain related cash flows are classified differently because of inconsistencies and ambiguities in classification. Further, the indirect method is widely executed while the direct method discloses more cash flow information. This paper alerts users to make more informed assessments of cash flow information with regards to the subtotals from operating, investing, and financing activities. This paper also suggests the FASB require the direct method for reporting purposes to improve investors’ and creditors’ judgment accuracy. At the same time, this paper provides users ratios to assess the quality of income to make more informed decisions. ASC 230 requires that companies provide the SCF for each operational period. The SCF provides information about cash and cash equivalents, and classifies cash receipts and cash payments as resulting from operating, investing, or financing activities (Nurnberg 1993). The measurement of the SCF is considered as being more reliable and more objective than the measurement of the income statement because the latter involves more judgment about accruals, allocations, andShow MoreRelated3101AFE Seminar Questions from Seminars 1 6 Sem 1 20151558 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿3101AFE Accounting Theory and Practice Seminar Questions for Seminars 1- 6: Semester 1 2015 SEMINAR 1 - Semester 1 2015 Deegan Topic 1: Introduction to financial accounting theory QUESTION 1 – Question 1.2: If you developed a theory to explain how a person’s cultural background influences how they prepare financial statements, would you have developed a positive theory or a normative theory? QUESTION 2 - Question 1.3: What is a conceptual framework, and would it be considered to be a positiveRead MoreCurrent Financial Reporting Standards On The Workplace Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent Financial Reporting Issues It is incontestable that international financial reporting standards (IFRS) are in vogue and global conformity theoretically on the doorstep as about 100 countries implement standard financial regulations. The idea that uniform reporting standards have the same effect on financial reporting undervalues the contested ability to be flexible in financial reporting and introduces another level of debate on the issue of flexibility and uniformity. Apart from the factRead MoreAcc 11410 Words   |  6 PagesTravis BUS3061 Professor Jerry Thomas July 17, 2014 1. Question 1: Proficient-level: There are several important functions performed in an organization, among which accounting is one of them. Define the accounting function and discuss how it differs from double-entry bookkeeping. Accountants analyze and interpret financial information, prepare financial statements, conduct audits, design accounting systems, prepare special business and financial studies, prepare forecasts and budgets, and provideRead More7101AFE Financial Accounting Theory And Practice Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿7101AFE Financial Accounting Theory and Practice Tutorial Questions for Tutorials 1- 6: Semester 1 2015 TUTORIAL 1 - Semester 1 2015 Deegan Topic 1: Introduction to financial accounting theory QUESTION 1 – Question 1.2: If you developed a theory to explain how a person’s cultural background influences how they prepare financial statements, would you have developed a positive theory or a normative theory? The first of all, it is important to understand the mean by a ‘theory’. According to ContemporaryRead MoreThe International Accounting Standards Board951 Words   |  4 Pagescom/en/resources/ifrsf/due-process/background-to-ifrs)†The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is an independent non-profit organization that develops and approves International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs)†. In mainly usage, the term International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) has both a narrow and a broad meaning. Firstly, IFRSs refers to the new numbered series of pronouncements that the IASB is issuing, as distinct from the International Accounting Standards (IASs) series issued by its predecessorRead MoreInternational Financial Reporting Standards On The Workplace Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesIt is incontestable that international financial reporting standards (IFRS) are in vogue and global conformity theoretically on the doorstep as about 100 c ountries implement standard financial regulations. The idea that uniform reporting standards have the same effect on financial reporting undervalues the contested ability to be flexible in financial reporting and introduces another level of debate on the issue of flexibility and uniformity. Apart from the fact that the merits of flexibility areRead MoreAccounting1024 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1:   * Proficient-level:   * There are several important functions performed in an organization, among which accounting is one of them. Define the accounting function and discuss how it differs from double-entry bookkeeping. Answer: According to the Dictionary of Accounting Terms, Accounting is defined as a one step process of recording, measuring, interpreting and communicating financial data by preparing financial statements in order to reflect financial condition and operatingRead MoreInternational Accountancy Quiz Question from Test Bank819 Words   |  4 Pages* Question 1 2.5 out of 2.5 points | |    | The following inventory information above was taken from the records of BlobeKom Ltd.:Historical Cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $12,000Replacement Cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $ 9,000Expected selling price  Ã‚   $10,000Expected selling cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $  Ã‚  Ã‚   500Normal profit margin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10% of selling priceUnder U.S. GAPP, what should the Balance Sheet report for Inventory?Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: |   Ã‚  $9,000 | | | | | * Question 2 2.5 out of 2.5 points | |   Read MoreGeneral Purpose Governments vs. Special Purpose Governments1713 Words   |  7 PagesGovernmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is the body authorized to establish accounting principles for all state and local governments, both general purpose and special purpose. True False A characteristic common to governmental and not-for-profit organizations is operating purposes that are other than to provide goods or services at a profit or profit equivalent. True False The needs of users of governmental financial reports are the same as those of users of business financial reports. TrueRead MoreQuestion 1:.Organizations Give The Accounting Firmsimportanttasks835 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1: Organizations give the accounting firms important tasks that they cannot do it by themselves. The services provided by public accounting firms will vary by the size and the expertise of the firm. Accounting firms typically specialize in areas such as auditing, business advisory services, tax accounting, bookkeeping and forensic accounting. The type of accounting firm you hire depends on the nature of your business needs. Like audit firms, These firms provide audits for organizations

Gothic Architecture Romanesque Architecture - 1049 Words

Gothic style architecture originated in 12th-century France. The style was very different to architecture styles in early periods, with this style we see characteristics such as ribbed vaults, pointed arches, flying buttresses, etc. Buildings made in Gothic style were usually made of stone with large glass windows. Some examples of Gothic style buildings we ve studied in class include the Basilica of St Denis, Chartres Cathedral and Reims Cathedral. Although Gothic style architecture ended in the 16th century, it remains as one of the most familiar styles of architecture comparatively to other abbey s, churches and cathedrals in Europe. The main goals of Gothic architects were to make beautiful, decorative buildings that were also functional. For example, the flying buttress was created to spread to weight of a building effectively. Flying buttresses were used basically used as a support beam, practical, but also beautiful and decorative. Gothic style buildings were also meant to be tall and large, to be closer to God. In comparing the two works about Gothic architecture by Suger Abbot and Bernard or Clairvaux, we can see that there are more differences than there are similarities. Looking back at Gothic characteristics, Abbot agreed more loosely with the beautiful and decorative side of Gothic architecture, while Bernarf agreed more loosely with the functional side of Gothic architecture. Suger Abbot s work is vastly different compared to Bernard of Clairvaux.Show MoreRelated Romanesque and Gothic Architecture Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesRomanesque and Gothic Architecture The 11th to 15th centuries saw a great surge of the Christian Church within Europe which was emphasized by the persuasiveness of the Crusades. The growing population of the Church increased the demand for the increased presence in architectural monuments and during the Romanesque and Gothic periods, a great cathedral construction boom occurred across Europe. The Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles were distinctive in not only the massiveness of the RomanesqueRead MoreRomanesque Architecture versus Gothic Architecture Essay714 Words   |  3 Pagestransition from Romanesque architecture to Gothic architecture can be attributed to a simple reason and that is wealth. Throughout Europe near the end of the Romanesque era there was large growth in towns and in turn a large growth in trade. Places such as Germany had rapid growth in their populace and economy and this encouraged trading with other towns. When it came to relations with other towns there was also a sense of competiti on and they showed this by building huge Gothic building that onlyRead More The Contrast between Gothic Architecture and Romanesque Architecture1934 Words   |  8 PagesThe Romanesque and Gothic architecture period both occurred during the Middle Ages with the Gothic period taking place during the later half. Gothic and Romanesque architecture were related in many ways, but they also contrasted in style too. Over time, masons began to test the waters and push the limits. They thought of new ways to add lighting and ways to allow more height to the building without it being to heavy and weak. Many of the reasons for the change in styles had a lot to do with societyRead More Gothic vs. Romanesque Architecture Essay2191 Words   |  9 PagesGothic vs. Romanesque Architecture Missing Figures Where are you when you wake up? Where are you when you are learning? Where are you when you go to pray? Where are you when you go to work? Where are you when you are having fun? The answer is that you are in a building or structure of some kind and style. All of the buildings and structures that one sees around them is designed and built with much thought and care. They are all designed and built by what we call architecture. According toRead MoreRomanesque And Gothic Architecture As 90821 - Mckenzie Henare1352 Words   |  6 Pages Romanesque and Gothic Architecture AS 90821 - McKenzie Henare Catholicism expresses its faith and relationship with God through many techniques whether it be art, teachings, scriptures or architecture. Extravagant cathedrals built show our relationship and faith in God. But when theories and ideas about why the styles are what they are. There was a time where the original Romanesque architecture became outdated and Gothic architecture was the new style that showed our faith and relationship withRead More Gothic and Romanesque Cathedrals Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesGothic and Romanesque Cathedrals The Romanesque style transformed into the Gothic style during the Middle Ages. This happened for many reasons. The Romanesque period was a time of trial and error while the Gothic period was a time of advancements in inventions. Religion was an important factor in the shift between Romanesque and Gothic. The locations of the two types of cathedrals also contributed toward the change between Romanesque and Gothic, as well as the power of the relics and the communityRead MoreGothic and Romanesque Cathedrals Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesThe Romanesque style transformed into the Gothic style during the Middle Ages. This happened for many reasons. The Romanesque period was a time of trial and error while the Gothic period was a time of advancements in inventions. Religion was an important factor in the shift between Romanesque and Gothic. The locations of the two types of cathedrals also contributed toward the change between Romanesque and Gothic, as well as the power of the relics an d the community to raise funds for the Gothic cathedralsRead MoreSacred Medieval Architecture789 Words   |  4 Pagesemphasizing the importance of the Eastern Church in everyday life. The Byzantine architecture maintains a sense of well-balanced proportions and favors a more simple approach to the building’s exterior. The Byzantines established an architectural style, different from the Romans generally by plans that were well thought out and intricate (Western Architecture p.138-139). One of the most important works of Byzantine architecture is the Hagia Sophia. The Hagia Sophia, which took less than six years to buildRead MoreThe Beginning Of Gothic Art943 Words   |  4 PagesThe beginning of Gothic art started around the year 1140. At this time Gothic art was not a particular art form that was practiced in Europe. The Ile-de-France which means, Paris and vicinity, was the only place that art and architecture shoes Gothic characteristics. However, once people from other places started to notice the beauty that this particular art form presented, it quickly spread around the rest of Europe. The art and architecture that is attributed with the Gothic style is actuallyRead MoreEssay on Medieval Art1111 Words   |  5 Pages800 A.D. and was important in metal work. Carolingian art ranged from 750 to 987 A.D. overlapping 50 years of the Celto-Germanic period. The period of Romanesque art spanned mainly the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and was an important period for medieval architecture. Gothic art, the final period of the Middle Age art began in the Romanesque period around the twelfth century and went on until the sixteenth century. Artwork form these four periods all consist of distinct styles setting them

Describe the employment of women in Britain in 1914 at the outbreak of war Free Essays

As war broke out in 1914 about 1/3 of women were in some type of paid employment. The majority of this was domestic service or secretarial work and most people accepted, there was no place for women in manual labour e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe the employment of women in Britain in 1914 at the outbreak of war or any similar topic only for you Order Now dock-labouring, mining or road -digging. A woman’s role was very much as the homemaker. They were regarded as the weaker sex and the sex that had fewer rights than men. Decent women were expected to stay at home and rear the children of the family. They had to obey their husbands. Britain’s leisure class was kept in comfort by an army of domestic servants. A large landowner with a wife, two children and a 62-roomed house n the West End required an indoor staff of 36. Some of the servants accompanied the family to its other homes – the country house, the seaside villa, the ‘shooting box’ in Scotland – each of which also had its own separate staff, containing many women. The working day could be a gruelling 17 hours long. The most important female servant of the household was the housekeeper, known by the title of ‘Mrs’, she commanded a platoon of female domestics like lady’s maid, housemaids, kitchen maids and the scullion who washed the dishes. Upper class women were not expected to work. They therefore were involved in charity work and voluntary work also they were heavily involved with the suffragettes. Many working class women worked all day at jobs in their own homes, however some working class women worked in factories, to supplement the men’s income, which often wasn’t enough. Workrooms were often crowded, dirty, ill lit, ill ventilated and insufficiently heated. The hours permissible under the Factory Acts in 1901 were long. Women and girls over 14 years could be employed 12 hours a day and on Saturday 8 hours. In addition, in certain industries, and dressmaking was one, an additional 2 hours could be worked by women on 30 nights in any 12 months. At the outbreak of war women earned about 65 per cent of the male wage. The employment of little errand girls, usually only 14 years of age was common. Their work was very varied – running errands, matching materials, and taking out parcels, cleaning the workrooms, and often also helping in the work of the house. To be running around doing ‘odd jobs’ for the employees of a busy workshop was hard work and tiring. It was not surprising that the young women in those workshops often looked weary and overdone; but there were plenty of girls to take their place, so they would not give in. Many others were employed to work on the surface of coal mines or on fish docks at hard, tiring, physical labour. A sexist outlook upon women in the workplace operated throughout this period. It resulted in skill definitions and pay differentials. Women’s work was usually considered unskilled, where as a man doing the same job would be considered skilled. For example welding was perceived as a skilled job when men did it but when women became welders during the First World War it was seen as unskilled, with women being paid half the male rate. Middle class women attempted to get into professions as doctors, lawyers, accountants and bankers but found it incredibly difficult. The opinion of men was that they were not intelligent enough and too weak emotionally therefore unable to cope with the work. They did find employment easier to find as teachers, as this was dealing with children and they were able to find employment in the white-collar industries as clerks, telephonists and secretaries. However female clerks would earn less than one third of the male wage, and a female typist would earn i1 a week compared to i3 a week earned by a man. Women from the upper and middle classes came to have more opportunities in the late nineteenth century. This was particularly so in education. Higher education was open to women, although they were restricted in taking degrees in either Oxford or Cambridge. Most women lacked such opportunities. Women mainly moved into the low-skill, low-pay ‘sweat shop’ sector as they were denied access to the new technologies. Female factory workers were generally worse treated than men in pay, training and opportunities, and the trade unions mainly male organisations co-operated with the management or the definition of skills, which affected pay, were controlled by men and favoured them; skilled women were poorly recognised. Women were also paid piece rates and found their wage lowered if they earned too much. One factory inspector remarked that ‘What can one do when a girl is earning as much as 15 shillings a week but lower the piece rate? ‘ In a survey just before the war the social commentator and reformer, S. Rowntree, had argued that i1 a week was necessary in order to live above poverty but few women received this amount. In J. M Barrie’s comedy What Ever Woman Knows (1908), John Shand, the railwayman turned MP, owes his success as a debater to his wife Maggie, who has transformed his boring speeches when she typed them up. Women had achieved some degree of marital equality and been given some educational opportunities by 1914. They had also begun to make some inroads into traditional male occupations and they had focused political action on winning the vote. How to cite Describe the employment of women in Britain in 1914 at the outbreak of war, Papers

Diversity and Cultural Sensitivity in Mental Health

Question: Discuss about the Diversity and Cultural Sensitivity in Mental Health. Answer: Introduction: Prevalence of mental disorders among asylum seekers and refugees in Australia has always drawn the attention of policymakers to improve their well-being and reduce the burden of health-related costs. In the year 2014, there were around 3500 people in immigration detention facilities and 3000 people in the community detention in Australia. The number of people going to asylum in 2012 was around 15000. More than 85% of the detainees were reported to have depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety. They also exhibited self-harm and suicidal ideation. Suicide rates were up to ten times more in detention centres as compared to Australian community (Horyniak et al., 2016). Symptoms of psychological illness are more common in refugees and asylum seekers. However, they do not necessarily indicate any form of mental illness. Negative attention from the mass media has attempted to bring into focus the mental status of this section of the population. Asylum and refugees living in Australia are vulnerable to suicidal behaviours and self-harm. However, they are not getting the care they need. Reports have found that the rate of anxiety, post-traumatic disorder and depression are as much as four times more among Tamil asylum seekers in Australia than among other immigrants. Moreover, young individuals have more risk of suffering from depression from a broader observatory viewpoint. There is a lack of clear picture of the actual mental health condition of the refugee community in Australia. Whether mental health research gives the needed emphasis on linguistic and cultural diversity in the country is a topic of debate (Higgins, 2016). Refugees and asylum seekers are at high risk of suffering mental health problems as they undergo displacement. Moreover, they are from different cultural backgrounds and undergo different experiences, leading to altered mental status. There is a rich pool of evidence that loss and trauma have a profound ongoing impact on the people migrating to Australia from other parts of the country (Newman et al., 2013). The common mental health problems are chronic grief, depression and stress. The most serious problems may compel them to engage in behaviours like panic attacks, self-harm, agoraphobia, disruptive behaviour, sleeping disorders, alcohol abuse, eating disorders, and sleeping disorders. Stressors leading to such mental health conditions include loss of near ones, racism, poverty and marginalisation. Refugees and asylum seekers face hurdles in accessing adequate health care services for mental illness and psychological trauma (Li et al., 2016). The prevalence of common mental health problems among immigrants is initially is less in comparison to the general population. However, with time, the prevalence increases to become similar to that of the general population. Refugees experiencing severe exposure to any form of violence have more chances of suffering trauma-related disorders. These disorders include chronic pain, post-traumatic stress disorder and other somatic syndrome (Mayne et al., 2016). Assessment for identifying risks for mental health problems encompass consideration of stresses of migration, pre-migration exposures, uncertainty faced at the time of migration, post migration settlement experiences related to health outcomes and adaptation. The effectiveness of clinical assessment and interventions can be increased by employing trained interpreters who can break cultural and language barrier and lead to mutual understanding. Communication build up would be stronger in this process (Ellis et al., 2014). My personal belief is that there is an urgent need of employing health professionals who are adequately trained and have the knowledge to understand the actual mental health problems of the refugees and asylum seekers against the cultural and social backdrops instead of assuming and imposing diagnoses of illness. This is understood through the high prevalence of mental disorders in all refugee populations. I think this is due to the over-diagnosis of mental disorders instead of normal reactions individuals tend to give to stress and the unsuitable environment. Social factors form to be the most important factor in the determination of mental health. There is an urgent need of addressing these factors, and I would like to see the government take up more initiatives to address these concerns. Governments must also consider that a number of individual factors affect the mental health of the refugees in combination. So the associated factors must not be left out from the strategic plan t o combat this vital issue. References Ellis, B. H., Murray, K., Barrett, C. (2014). Understanding the mental health of refugees: trauma, stress, and the cultural context. InThe Massachusetts General Hospital textbook on diversity and cultural sensitivity in mental health(pp. 165-187). Springer New York. Higgins, C. (2016). Australian Community Attitudes to Asylum Seekers and Refugees.Hum. Rts. Defender,25, 25. Horyniak, D., Melo, J., Farrell, R., Ojeda, V. D., Strathdee, S. A. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors for substance use among refugees, internally displaced people and asylum seekers: findings from a global systematic review.Annals of Global Health,82(3), 423-424. Li, S. S., Liddell, B. J., Nickerson, A. (2016). The relationship between post-migration stress and psychological disorders in refugees and asylum seekers.Current psychiatry reports,18(9), 82. Mayne, J., Lowrie, D., Wilson, J. (2016). Occupational Experiences of Refugees and Asylum Seekers Resettling in Australia: A Narrative Review.OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health,36(4), 204-215. Newman, L., Proctor, N., Dudley, M. (2013). Seeking asylum in Australia: immigration detention, human rights and mental health care.Australasian Psychiatry,21(4), 315-320.